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Stalin, Israel and other issues. Answers to a reader

Hello teacher,

in his book debunks the myth of anti-Stalinist, highlighting the contribution of the Soviet leadership to the creation of Israel, you can then consider Stalin a Zionist? In his essay also states that the Soviet Union helped the newborn Jewish state in the 1948 war, Stalin in the light of what seems like a responsible Palestinian oppression, because after that victory, the Israelis prevented the formation of a Palestinian state.

you think the two-state solution was right in respect of indigenous peoples Palestine? How does the 1948 Arab attack on Israel?

I saw a video in which she expresses by the Taliban in the Afghanistan war. What I wonder is what would happen to the Afghan people once defeated the Americans, surely the export of democracy is nonsense, but also the Taliban rule is that it is the best.

What do you think? Staying on the subject imperialism, according to her can be called an imperialist attack on the Soviet and American Nazi Germany? From what I know in the Third Reich was not in place as a civil war in Italy, the people German Hitler.Quando was all with the Soviet Union liberated the territories liberated from the Nazis were so many of these anti-anti-fascists but also, it must therefore be considered as a form of social-export of socialism in these states? Stalin claimed that the revolution was to be born within the people, but I believe that in this case did not respect this theory and came up almost permanent revolution.

John overflows

DL

1) On p. 216 of my book on Stalin, quoting an eminent English historian (Roberts) writes: "The preferred option Soviet Union was that of "an independent state and multinational interests that it would respect both the Jewish and the Arabs'." The fact remains that Stalin, in an attempt to combat British colonialism, he underestimated the dangers of colonialism and Zionist expansion of his office.

2) DL: In my book, "The language of the empire" (p. 178) speaks of "growing ridicule of the hypothesis of a Palestinian national state [and the two-state solution] following dell'incessante process of colonization. " My book is 2007: Meanwhile, the Zionist colonization has seen a further jump quality.

3) The espreessione "Arab attack" is incorrect and is in contradiction with what her chair in the first question. Regardless of the finding (problem) cha has fired the first shot, we must not lose sight of the essential point: since the beginning of the Zionist project is a project of colonial expansion and then of aggression.

4) In the age of Napoleon, to quote Marx, "all the wars of independence against France led, bear the imprint of a common regeneration that is coupled with the reaction." In my book "The Language of the Empire" I try to far tesoro di questa indicazione di Marx per analizzare i movimenti di resistenza e di liberazione nazionale di matrice islamica. L’aspetto della «rigenerazione» prevale nettamente nel caso del Libano degli Hezbollah o dell’Iran.

5) Fu la Germania hitleriana a scatenare l’attacco contro l’Urss con l’intento di sottoporre le popolazioni dell’Unione Sovietica a una colonizzazione di tipo schiavistico. La risposta sovietica, la Grande guerra patriottica, è stata una guerra di liberazione nazionale di proporzioni epiche ed ha gettato le basi per le successive rivoluzioni anticoloniali.

6) Non bisogna sottovalutare la forza del partito comunista and the prestige of the Soviet Union in countries such as Bulgaria and Czechoslovakia, in which case the socialist transformation is a process largely endogenous. Unlike the picture is represented by Poland. In this case one can speak of "exporting the revolution", bearing in mind that this "export of revolution" is also a response to a dramatic need for security: as pointed out by prominent American historians, the annihilation of Hiroshima and Nagasaki (a war virtually over) was a warning of heavy Truman to Stalin.

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Yet the debate about Stalin

After the speech yesterday, re-published some reflections on the book and Losurdo Stalin [APG].

Dal sito "Wake Communist"

note reading a new book Losurdo
by Gilles Questiaux:

da Mecanopolis
The making of "black legend" of Stalinism

By Faouzi Elmir

Matlab License.dat 2010

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Stalin, the gulag and socialism. A Critique of Jean-Jacques Marie, and a response from

Trotskyist historian Jean-Jacques Marie wrote a critical book about Stalin. History and criticism of a black legend (January 2011, Editions Aden, Brussels). This criticism, "The Gulag Socialism!" Has été adressée par un ami de J-J. Marie à la traductrice qui l’a faite suivre à l’auteur. Nous la reproduisons ici avec l’accord des deux mandataires, Jean-Jacques Marie et Michel Barbe, professeur d’histoire agrégé (à la retraite), à Marseille.

La diffusion de la critique et de la réponse de Domenico Losurdo peut contribuer à promouvoir un débat libre et fécond pour ceux qui souhaitent faire un bilan critique de l’histoire du mouvement communiste, et redonner force et actualité au projet communiste de transformation de la société [M.-A. Patrizio, Marseille].

SOCIALISM THE GULAG!

About Stalin, History and criticism of a black legend "by Domenico Losurdo

by Jean-Jacques Marie

A valiant heart nothing is impossible, if we believes the Scouts. Domenico Losurdo male denies this currency. Brave heart he is undoubtedly an attempt to rehabilitate Stalin. But the futility of such a company whose ambition is no doubt exaggerated , jump quickly to the eyes ...

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Answer

The primitive thought and Stalin as a scapegoat

Domenico Losurdo

It can not be enough to appreciate the wisdom of the motto attributed to Georges Clemenceau: War is too serious to be entrusted to the generals! Whilst on his chauvinism and anti-communism, the French Prime Minister kept a very lucid consciousness to the fact that the specialists (in this case the specialists of the war) are often able to see the trees but not the forest, get overwhelmed by the details of losing view of the whole; In this sense, they know everything except what is essential. At that Clemenceau was immediately led to believe when you read the slating that Jean-Jacques Marie would like to reserve my book on Stalin. Apparently, the author is one of the leading experts' Trotskyism-logy, "and is keen to show it in all circumstances ...

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French version of M.-A. Patrick

La pensée primitive Stalin et comme bouc Emissive


Vladimir Since March 7, 2011 9:55
Caro Domenico,
questa tua risposta, oltre ad essere del tutto pertinente nel merito, e' una vera e propria lezione di metodo storico.

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Morality, politics and history. On "Junge Welt" an excerpt from the German book about Stalin

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João Carlos Graça a paper on Vilfredo Pareto and the debate with Bedell

Dear Professor Losurdo,

First of all, I am writing under a certain reservation, because the fact is that I could not watch video 2, only videos 1 and 3, plus the two initial minutes of video 2. Still, I don’t frankly think that affects decisively what I have to say concerning this subject. Also, the comment I have written exceeds 4 thousand characters, so I have to split in two parts.

Pareto’s story is, of course, a very long one, and, to put it as shortly as possible, in my opinion you have “touched the wound” when in the last minutes you have mentioned what you called the dogmatic position. Indeed, and although Pareto himself and all his modern fans accepted that his scheme could be applied to Pareto-the-man, they never really accepted to extend it to Pareto-the-“scientist”, who seems to remain flying “apart and above” his own world-vision…

As a matter of fact, to have an attitude of mefiance vis-à-vis the arguments presented in a discussion, any discussion, and suspect that behind the arguments officially presented by intervenient parties there may be deeper motives, a part of which may remain unconscious to participants themselves… where is there any real novelty in that assumption? Not going too far, it will certainly be enough to remember Pareto’s contemporaries Nietzsche and Freud, some time before him French Revolution’s “Idéologues”, and before them XVIIth/XVIIIth centuries “Moralistes”… But, more important, even when that was not proclaimed, that attitude of systematic suspicion has indeed been adopted by lots and lots of people… so, where is really the big deal here?

Of course, any one who proceeds rationally is supposed to assume that any “ratio ratiotinata”, any reasoned reason is by definition fallible, and is supposed to be submitted to the permanent critic of “ratio ratiotinans”, or reasoning reason, which is itself dialectical and transcendent by definition, and capable of making the world, of reproducing and/or transforming it, inasmuch is captures it… the more so since it is also eminently interpellative à la Brecht: “he who sees what we have come to, what is there still that retains him?” Yes, that’s precisely the point; of course!

So, are we to despair from rationalist world-visions? I don’t really think so, although “reason” itself must extend itself endlessly in order to express the endless transformation of the world. If one assumes an eminently “performative” element in this story, if the “verum” is here indeed the “factum”, the more motives, in that case, to remain within a rationalistic (in the broadest sense possible) scheme of thought and of action.... Well, I repeat this is indeed a long story, but I ask you to accept this as my small contribution to the discussion in more “philosophizing” terms.

Oh and two more things. First, Pareto’s scheme of the so-called “ordinal utility” or “economic optimality” – which, by the way, is how he became first academically recognized: as an economist, not so much as an alleged “sociologist” - has implicit to it a deep logic of exigency of unanimity, or “liberum veto”, which is indeed the quintessence of “aristocratic rebel” or frondeuse procedure: confront, please, with Nietzsche and his “Polish” mythical genealogy in Ecce Homo. This group of arguments, one should notice, is strongly present in nowadays “economic theory of democracy”, along the lines of the so called “public choice theory” (and particularly in Kenneth Arrow’s “theorem of impossibility”). So, Pareto’s consciously anti-democratic leaning, his basic way of seeing things, nowadays has become official theory of the soi disant “democracy” – and that fact alone is, of course, immensely eloquent. Maybe, I dare suggest, Pareto’s “eccedenza teorica” is expressed to our days especially as to that aspect…

Second, Pareto’s notions of perpetual recurrence of the same are proved wrong both in which concerns patterns of distribution of wealth (the celebrated 80-20 rule, for instance, being really nothing more than a fancy fétiche for some) and in which concerns levels of per capita income and correspondent demographic patterns - with populations having today unquestionably much longer life expectancies at birth and much smaller average infant mortalities than one century ago, to mention just the more important aspects. For all of its limitations, I do think it will be interesting for you to watch to this video infra, by Hans Rosling. It’s the trend, says Rosling, not the cycle (corsi I ricorsi). I agree: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=grcvgg4wWQs

Rosling may be wrong in certain aspects: international trade is very far from being unequivocally good in terms of economic growth, for instance; and economic “aid” has mostly come associated with lots of political strings, definitely too many political strings (Western aid I mean, although significantly not Chinese aid…). But I think he tells us things much more close to the deep truth about the “big facts” of the two last centuries than the cynical, embittered speculations of snobbish count Vilfredo Pareto ...

Saudações cordiais, Lisboa, 3 de março de 2011, João Carlos Graça

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Where to start? Response to some friends Reposted

Dear Professor, I would even bother, because his reviews are very helpful and loved ones and source of reflection. Authoritarianism media today seems almost invincible. We are a group of honest Communists who have mutually agreed to play primarily a political work nell'Anpi. In an attempt to build the main dam in defense of democracy, of the Constitution and the rights of workers.

The initial success of our initiatives certainly concerns some countries of our mountains, Merizzo, Cassette and Montignoso, but take a very significant, because we found the new atmosphere and attention and a relatively large and lively popular participation, a considerable increase.

As we entered the growing number of cards and a consequent strengthening of the presence of communists in the Association and greater participation in the activities. We think that this situation has occurred, according to the next National Congress Anpi to be held in March in Turin. She thinks it is legitimate to see in these signals, a possible resumption of political initiative on the part of the left and a renewed presence in our society?

Greetings Communists

Giorgio Sanguinetti Nando Gianfranceschi Lindi Massimo Mauro Lombardi Mauro Menegoni Dero Giromini Lindi Letizia Buffoni Nando Romeo Sergio Angeloni Elena Giannarelli Vatteroni Mary Rasetti Jacob Simi Alexander Muracchioli

DL Dear friends, your work is not only positive and encouraging, but I think it can serve as an example and stimulus for other reality. The initiatives from the bottom there, and this gives us hope. The problem is the unification and centralization: you know that in this direction and towards the repositioning and strengthening of a strong Communist ORGANIZATION, are engaged as President of Marx and XXI as a signatory to the call for unity communists.

With best wishes

Domenico Losurdo

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"Hegel and the freedom of the moderns" The debate between

After several editions in foreign languages, is also reprinted in Italy, from the school of Pythagoras publisher, the book by Domenico Losurdo Hegel and the freedom of modern , da tempo esaurito [SGA].

L'edizione inglese e quella cinese

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Diskussion über Selbstanzeige

Die Neuregelung der Selbstanzeige im geplanten Schwarzgeldbekämpfungsgesetz bleibt nach der Anhörung im Bundestags-Finanzausschuss spannend: Während die CDU für die Einführung eines Straf- oder Verwaltungszuschlages in Höhe von 5% der hinterzogenen Steuersumme plädiert, sieht die FDP diese Abgabe kritisch. Daher wurde die Verabschiedung des Gesetzes auf Mitte März 2011 verschoben. Zeitnah mit der Gesetzesverkündung wird die Kanzlei KONLUS in Fachzeitschriften über die Neuregelung ausführlich berichten.

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Losurdo and Bedell on Marx's Capital

domenica 20 febbraio

DOMENICO LOSURDO e GIUSEPPE BEDESCHI
presentano

Carlo Marx, Il capitale . Riassunto da Gabriele Deville con brevi cenni sul socialismo scientifico e appendice in risposta alla critica del Marchese V. Pareto. Prima traduzione italiana autorizzata dall’autore, Cremona, a cura del giornale “L’Eco del popolo”, 1893.

L’edizione popolare a text that returns to arouse interest in all environments in which was reflected in economics, politics and history here is discussed by two philosophers, Domenico Losurdo professor at Urbino and Joseph Bedell in the ordinary University "La Sapienza" of Rome, divergent setting, but a deep knowledge of the author

Part



Part Two



Part Three

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"The Roma of Naples, Friday, February 12, 2011

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's review of Maurice Briggs to Non-violence "Philosophical Reviews" Risorgimento

Losurdo, Domenico, Non-violence. A story out of the myth , Laterza, Roma-Bari 2010

Review by Maurice Briggs - 02/01/2011

Losurdo's work aims to investigate the dilemmas, the betrayals, disappointments and tragedies of inspired movement to nonviolence. The work begins with an analysis of the first non-violent groups that arose in the United States in the early nineteenth century and the problems you have faced in relation to slavery, several followers of non-resistance will end up footing the slave to demons or beasts fierce war of secession and to justify the suppression of a rebellion as a just criminal. In this way, however, not only gives way to violence, but to further violence fueled by anger theological compares the slave to Satan and the sons of Yankee soldiers instruments of God ..

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colored woven ...

... I now have the rainbow fibers from the Januarabo.
Last Saturday, we wanted to be held monthly Dresdner knitting-together. It was not possible for us, as there was in our city, the absolute state of emergency. But three (!) Rallies rights groups have been approved by city and administrative court in Dresden. Clear that on the other hand formed a colorful and wide protest movement. Stress and chaos was inevitable. The Elbe bridges were closed, blocking the Südvorstadt and on top of the Rights of Freital from marching to Dresden. So were we cut off all roads.
I wonder who takes responsibility for it. Does it really have to do with democracy, if a city basically shut down is because marching groups and loudly "against democrats only help grenades!" ? Chant This is a contradiction in terms, the police "protect" these demonstrators, is unconcerned by and watch as right thugs take apart a house (the video is on yout ... even laid off, FSK 18, whether the brutality! !). The LKA raids in the evening an office building with undue brutality in order to preserve evidence, and in the media reports of violence linker. They are even more contradictions. Real "left" are pacifists. has the so-called "black block", which set fire to rubbish bins and cars wrecked, is for riot Tourism known ...
Well, the events and reporting on it make me afraid, for they are too one-sided, far too subjective and that too in a direction that I like and not at all.
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I have spun at 100g 575m BFL in rainbow colors on two coils. The sections of the individual colors are repeated regularly, but are not exactly the same length. When the twisting led a wonderfully lively yarn, my personal symbol:

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Interview on Presentation of Non- violence to the House of the People of Rome Triumphal Sunday, February 20

by comunistiuniti.it

Presentation of the Book "Non-violence - a history out of myth"

Introduction by Renato Caputo

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Domenico Losurdo in Pesaro

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Ten Easy Pieces II - 2010/11

Domenico Losurdo and GIUSEPPE BEDESCHI

have

Karl Marx, Capital. Summary by Gabriel Deville with a brief appendix on scientific socialism and in response to criticism of the Marquis V. Pareto. First Italian translation approved by the author, Cremona, edited the newspaper "The Echo of the people", 1893.

The popular edition of a text that returns to arouse interest in all environments in which was reflected in economics, politics and history here is discussed by two philosophers, Professor Domenico Losurdo Urbino has ordinario e Giuseppe Bedeschi ordinario nella Università "La Sapienza" di Roma, divergent per impostazione my deep conoscitori dell'autore

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Published February 18 to 19 French version of the book on Stalin. Discussions and presentations of the book

Domenico Losurdo: Stalin: history and criticism of a black legend , Aden, Brussels 2011

Translated from Italian by Marie-Ange Patrizio

Afterword by Luciano Canfora

There was a time of illustrious statesmen-like Churchill and leading intellectuals-Hannah Arendt and Thomas Mann to name a few-had for Stalin, and he guided the country, respect, sympathy and even the admiration. With the outbreak of the Cold War first, and most importantly, then, with the Report Khrushchev, Stalin became, overnight, a "monster", perhaps comparable only to Hitler. The stark contrast between the attitudes of respect "little father of the people" should not push the historian has to decide in favor of one of these images but to study them all, analyzing conflicts and interests that are at the origin of these positions. It is realized that Domenico Losurdo, returning strictly on the tragedies of the twentieth century and contextualizing and deconstructing many of the accusations and praise for Stalin. This essay is an approach to the historical, philosophical and historiographical-which, as in Italy has its output will not fail to arouse great controversy.

Domenico Losurdo is professor of history of philosophy at the University of Urbino. He is the author of revisionism history, problems and myths (Albin Michel) and Escape History (Delga). His first book with Editions Aden, the original sin of the twentieth century, has met with great success d'estime.

Meet Domenico Losurdo

February 9, listeners of Radio Galerius could listen to a long conversation with the Italian philosopher Domenico Losurdo about his book "Stalin history and criticism of a black legend "that the French translation has been published by Editions Aden. This

program may be available for replay on the website of Radio Galerius (http://www.radiogalere.org) or downloaded into the audio archives of Comaguer: http://www.dotspirit.com/ > Member: comaguer> code Access: copainguer> password: salvador13

Marseille, Saturday, February 26 at 14h

a regional public library of Alcazar, Boardroom

Presentation National French translation of the work of the philosopher
Italy Domenico Losurdo

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Marx Capital XXI: Domenico Losurdo at the conference on the history of PCI, Rome

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... is the symbol of the commemoration of the destruction of Dresden on 13 February 1945.

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"Widerspruch" reviewed the German edition of Nietzsche

Domenico Losurdo

Nietzsche, the aristocratic rebel from the Italian by Erdmute Brielmayer, ed. and with an introduction by Jan Rehmann, Berlin 2009 (Argument Verlag), 2 volumes, hardback, 1104, p. 98, - Eur

"intellectual biography" Losurdo called his voluminous Work on Nietzsche aptly subtitled. Meaning: The real-life circumstances is largely spared, in the center stands the intellectual development of Nietzsche, and indeed in the context of their time and their historical circumstances. Through this kind of contextualization Losurdos representation is in contrast to the present, marked by the usual post-modern understanding. It is a slap in the face of all attempts to treat them as contemporaries of Nietzsche, whose "experimental", "perspective" could be "ironic and ambiguous" way of thinking are directly related to the present. Losurdo take Nietzsche literally instead. He relates his comments to the story the French Revolution, the rise of the labor movement, the change in mood after 1848, the Franco-German War, the Empire, colonization, or the abolition of slavery in America and determined its (class-even) position. Nietzsche not only represents the interests of the ruling bourgeoisie against the emergence of social democracy but also the interest of a future in order to rule the world fighting against the current middle class, which is sickly in his view of morality, compassion and pacifism and to harmony and the reformist solution social conflict efforts. His aggressive and on the implementation of the "superman" zielende Elitetheorie wird mit dem Begriff des „aristokratischen Rebellentums“ bezeichnet.

Losurdo betreibt Ideologiekritik im klassischen Sinne und bleibt damit – in methodischer Hinsicht – der Marxschen Tradition verpflichtet. Was ihn von den früheren Interpretationen unterscheidet, die der gleichen Tradition verpflichtet sind, ist der überwältigende Materialreichtum und die politische Distanz, mit der er diesen Reichtum ausbreitet. Losurdo hasst das Objekt seiner Darstellung nicht mehr. Die Neugierde und das Interesse der Erkenntnis haben das Interesse der polemischen Verurteilung verdrängt. Darüber hinaus besitzt Losurdo ein Gespür für das Faszinierende an Nietzsches Philosophie und ist bereit, von ihr auch zu lernen. (865 f., 907, 926 f., 926 f.)

Originell ist die Konsequenz, mit der Nietzsche beständig auf Marx bezogen wird, umso mehr, als beide Autoren keinerlei Notiz voneinander genommen haben. Losurdo stellt diese Beziehung über eine dreifache Vermittlung her. Erstens durch die Gegenüberstellung ihrer Stellungnahmen zu historischen Ereignissen und Persönlichkeiten (Reformation und Revolution, Napoleon und Bismarck etc.), zweitens durch den Vergleich ihrer Begriffe (wie z.B. des Begriffs der Ideologie, 436 ff.), ihrer Wertmaßstäbe oder ihrer Antworten auf aktuelle Probleme („soziale Frage“, „Judenfrage“). Drittens wird Nietzsche represented more than his friend-hostility to Schopenhauer and Wagner also as readers and critics of Hegel and Goethe, Heine, and Carlyle, Stirner, DF Strauss, Ranke, Darwin or Duhring: all authors who have read Marx and Engels and criticized. From the contrasting receptions to complete the picture of the two theories and their future prospects. This surprised that the description of phenomena at times, such as history as the objects and class struggle "or the modern wage worker as" wage slaves ", to come in the choice of words into very close. In the classification and appraisal of the phenomena that go way far apart, however.

Following Losurdos interpretation, can often admired the subtlety and sophistication of Nietzsche but ultimately a very simple and solid, also the spirit of nationalism and anti-Semitism inspired cut dichotomies. On one side is the deep, tragic or Dionysian, which is derived from the older Hellenism is placed on the agenda of the recovery of the "German character" (as an educational campaign for the Empire, 1870), on the other side of the superficial optimism of the Enlightenment, the "Serenity," the "mercantilism" and "pacifism", which in Socrates have their ancestors and to the Jews and Christians have found entry into the French civilization (115 et seq.) Thus the birth of tragedy is also a manifesto against modernism, against the German culture is called for strong opposition. The great "Untimely," as Nietzsche sets his life in the limelight, he is not yet. In Losurdos "comparative" perspective, he appears rather as a mirror and voice of all the reactionary tendencies directed against modernity, the European intellectual life of the second half of the century has exhibit.

"Who Nietzsche does ... literally," wrote Thomas Mann in 1945, which is "lost". Postmodernism, Nietzsche's connection to fascism (as opposed to Thomas Mann) are ignored, this sentence has gladly taken and of the "masks" drivelling, behind which the thinker on the stage his true face. Just had one of the most controversial statements of Nietzsche, namely that every higher culture presupposes slaves and the majority of people only the function of tools for enabling elites is not at all "metaphorically", but meant it literally. The Losurdo thereby making it plausible that he refers to the anti-abolitionist discourse, which was conducted in connection with the abolition of slavery in America. (380 ff) Among others, he notes here that Nietzsche Justification of slavery was anticipated in the name of "higher culture" is from Linguet, had dispatched a French critic of the Enlightenment, Marx already in the Theories of Surplus Value.

to distinguish the three stages of Nietzsche, the "metaphysical" (the early work), the "enlightened" (from Human, All-Too-Human) and the "Immoralist (since Beyond Good & Evil), as in Nietzsche literature is common, which sets Losurdo, where he makes a further distinction within the first. In contrast to other interpretations, however, not only theory-immanent features used, but brought new political front lines in the game. Production was thereby acquires particular Nietzsche's disillusionment with the (in his eyes) lost chance of renewal of the Germans during the Second Empire, the (alleged) compliance Bismarck against the Social Democrats and, finally, the shrinking back before the "big politics", the colonies and world domination seeking. The connecting and unifying moment of the three or four periods of development is the renewed at various levels "Revolution criticism" and the design of a social order beyond human rights and ethics of compassion, democracy and Socialism is.

Also new is the light that casts Losurdo to Nietzsche's relationship to the Jews, which he explicitly speak of (culturally motivated) "anti-Semitism" and not of (racially-related) "Anti-Semitism". He distinguishes three "types" of Jews. While pulling Nietzsche attacks on the type of the mob, the moral apostle and resentment-priest and the type of the (subversive) intellectuals and journalists from throughout the work, in the late work that consideration be seen by Jews as representatives of "spirit" and "money "and the defense of the stupid anti-Semitism the upper hand zu gewinnen. Losurdos These dagegen ist: Nietzsches Versuch, die jüdischen Kapitalisten mit den preußischen Junkern zu amalgamieren und seine Hoffung auf eine „europäische Rasse“, in der auch die Juden integriert sind, ist seiner Perspektive auf den bevorstehenden Endkampf um die Weltherrschaft untergeordnet, zu dem die assimilierten Juden ihr Teil beitragen sollen. Selbst seine Abneigung gegen den Hofprediger Stöcker entspringt nicht in erster Linie dessen Antisemitismus. Ausschlaggebend ist vielmehr dessen christlich motiviertes Engagement, das ihn (im Verein mit Wilhelm II. und Papst Leo XIII.) für die Aufhebung der Sklaverei in den afrikanischen Kolonien und die Linderung des Arbeiter-Elends durch Sozialgesetzgebung eintreten ließ. (545 ff)

Losurdos So strong argument against the post-modern "hermeneutics of innocence," so little to convince his arguments against Lukács, who - like Ritter, Hobsbawm, Elias, Mayer and others - Nietzsche as a forerunner and trailblazer of fascism is. It is true Losurdos argument that irrationalism, social Darwinism, eugenics and racial theories, not a German specialty, but in other European countries were just as common and even (as in the case of Gobineau, Dalton, Chamberlain, etc.) were imported from there. But Lukacs also knew that despite his self-imposed focus on Germany the French and English sources and treated irrationalism in express terms as "international phenomenon in the imperialist epoch" was performed. It is also true Losurdos Note that you understand German fascism in its historical circumstances (defeat in World War II, humiliated by the Versailles peace treaty, economic crisis) and not infer the cause from the ideology and the "destruction of reason", but that goes without for a Marxist, but by itself Lukács' intent was not to construct a causal chain from Nietzsche to Hitler, his starting point was rather the astonishment that a sophisticated and educated people, a people that has produced Goethe and Hegel, was able to show vulnerable to the trash ideology of the Nazis. To explain this phenomenon Nietzsche plays with his elite, human breeding, power and extermination fantasies, even as Losurdo glossy occupied a prominent mediator.

not convincingly appears Losurdos rejection of a German "special path" which he described as a diabolical "myth" (608, 812) referred to, which could not even escape the Marxist-inspired history. Not convincing because it really is his whole point of this exceptionalism, the certainly not in the "ideological constellation," but in the historical constellation of Germany lies: in the late development of capitalism, the weakness of the bourgeoisie, the failure of the revolution and the nation-state creation "from above" without democratic legitimacy "from below". Aside from his "comparative analysis" of the reactionary ideology processes, there is merit Losurdos m. , E. precisely that Nietzsche also interpreted as the product of this exceptionalism as well as a contrast to rebel.

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Questions and answers about Stalin and the Stalin

Sono un giovane studente romano di 15 anni e da qualche tempo mi interesso di storia del novecento e politica. Ho letto il suo libro su Stalin, che ho trovato molto interessante e che mi ha permesso di comprendere il valore storico di questo personaggio, comunque le scrivo questa lettera per sottoporle alcune osservazioni e dubbi.

1) Nel suo libro non cita la testimonianza dell'ambasciatore americano Joseph E Davis:

A Sua Eccellenza il Segretario di Stato

n° 57 Mosca, 17 febbraio 1937 (Riservato)

... With an interpreter by my side, I have closely followed the testimony, I must confess that I was prejudiced against the reliability of the testimony of those accused. The unanimity of their confessions, had undergone a long imprisonment with the possibility of coercion used to them or to their families aroused in me the serious doubts. But judging objectively and based on my experience, they have arrived, albeit reluctantly, the conclusion that the State had failed to show what you want, or at least to prove the existence of a massive conspiracy against the Soviet Government by To assume that political leaders ... the whole process was a frame would be to admit the existence of a creative great as Shakespeare and the ability to direct a Belasco. The historical background and current circumstances, they also grant some credibility to the evidence. The argument made by Radek Sokolnikov and a justification of their activities and the result is perfectly logical. The details came to light really have confirmed the allegations and the conduct of the accused had its weight in my opinion .... The accused minors, who were just performers, they told the details of the crimes.

Given the evidence, I think that any court of any jurisdiction could only to judge guilty of violation of the accused.

I have spoken with nearly all members of the Diplomatic Corps here and, with one exception, all are of the opinion that has been clearly shown that there was a plot to overthrow the government,,, Joseph E. Davies

Or is this statement by a French ambassador in Moscow during those years:

"Tukhachevsky ... had actually taken command of a movement that aimed to stifle the party and to establish a military dictatorship "

Coulundre Robert French Ambassador in Moscow 36 to 38 - 1950

By chance not to be reliable?

2) is often given to Stalin accused of not tolerating policies different from hers, she is aware of people who occasionally took positions different from those of the president without being purified?

3) The political testament of Lenin in my opinion, nothing counts for little, the same Trotsky reduce its value:

Vladimir Ilyich did not leave any "will", and the same character of its relations with the party, as the character of the party itself, discounted the possibility of such a "testament". The release of migration, the foreign press and the bourgeois Menshevik usually remembered as "will" a letter from Vladimir Ilyich (so altered as to be unrecognizable) containing organizational tips. The XIII Congress has scrutinized this letter also, like all others, and drew the conclusions in accordance with the conditions and circumstances of the moment. Any talk on concealment or breach of the "head" is an evil invention, and is entirely directed against the actual will of Vladimir Ilic and interests of the party he created.

L. Trotsky Article "About Eastman's book - After the death of Lenin - Bolsheviks n ° 16, 1 September 1925

also seems that Stalin after becoming aware of the test resigned from his post twice, but twice the party comrades, including Trotsky, and Kamanev Zinon'ev, voted against the measure. Do you know something?

'blather' may 'but must have a sense of proportion. It is said that this' will' mate Lenin propose to Congress that, given the 'rudeness' of Stalin, you should think about replacing it with another fellow in the office of Secretary-General. It is absolutely true, yes, I'm rude, companions in regard to those who so rude and evil destroy and split the party. This I have not hidden, or hide it. Perhaps it would take a certain sweetness in respect of the division but not from me you will get. At the first plenary session of the XIII Congress of the CC after I asked the general assembly of the CC to exempt themselves from the post of secretary general. The conference discussed the same issue. Each delegation has discussed, and all delegations unanimously, including Trotsky, Zinoviev and Kamenev, Comrade Stalin imposed to remain in place. So what could I do? Escaping from my place? It is not in my nature, have never escaped from nowhere and have no right to do so, since this would be a desertion. As I said before, are not free to dispose of me when the party requires one thing I must submit. A year later I again asked the general assembly to be relieved from office, but again I was forced to stay. What then could I do?

As for the publication of 'will', Congress decided not to publish it because it was addressed to Congress and was not intended for print ... The opposition points all his cards on the 'will' of Lenin. But you just read this 'will' to understand that their cards are worth anything. On the contrary, the 'text' of Lenin is fatal to the current opposition leaders. It is a fact, indeed, that Lenin in his 'testament' Trotsky accused of 'not Bolshevism', and the errors of Kamenev and Zinoviev at the time of October said that it is not error 'random'. What does this mean? This means that politically you can not trust nor Trotsky, who is sick of 'not Bolshevism', nor Kamenev and Zinoviev, whose errors are not 'random' and can be repeated and repeated. It is characteristic that the 'test' there is neither a word or a hint to the errors of Stalin. It speaks only of the harshness of Stalin. But the harshness is not and can be a fault line or political position of Stalin (Stalin, Collected Works, vol. X, pp. 185-189).

3) Another do you acknowledge that Stalin is not to have taken advantage of people's democracy inherent in a socialist state, but by what is stated in the American journalist Anna Lee Strong to the Soviet constitution of '36 there was a substantial contribution of the Soviet people. In his book never refers to this, perhaps the journalist in question is not an unbiased source?

The project .... of the Constitution was presented to the people in 60 million copies printed. This project was discussed in assemblies 527 000, which took part in 36 million people. For months every newspaper was filled with readers' letters on the draft Constitution, amendments were proposed about 154 000 ... ..

From "The era of Stalin"

4) After the Second World War, the countries liberated by the Red Army were communist or socialist majority was imposed? It seems that there were elections to determine what should be the future of the country, but these elections were rigged at the end to win the Communists, you know something about it?

5) The writer Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn, he was interned in the Gulag, from what it seems, just for criticizing Stalin in a letter intercepted. It does not seem likely to have been incarcerated for that reason alone, you better know the facts?

I hope that all of its commitments will be able to answer these questions, anyway thank you in advance and ask if he plans writing a new book.

Sincerely, Andrea Mingo

DL

1) On several occasions my book mentions that Western diplomats and statesmen have endorsed the version of Stalin. But the various charges against Stalin I'm worried to take new evidence, including Trotsky and his followers!

2) At least on the military is significant testimony that I carried over the front pages of the book:

Judging from the testimony dell’ammiraglio Nikolai Kusnezov, il leader supremo [Stalin] «apprezzava in modo particolare quei compagni che ragionavano con la loro testa e non esitavano ad esprimere il loro punto di vista senza compromessi».

E' presumibile che anche sulla Costituzione si sia sviluppato un ampio dibattito. La situazione comincia a cambiare con con l'attentato terroristico che costa la vita a quello strettissimo collaboratore di Stalin che era Kirov

3) Sul «Testamento» di Lenin, mi sono già espresso su questo blog. Qualunque sia il significato di quel «Testamento», non spetta a un leader scegliere il suo successore...

4) Occorre fare opportune distinctions. There is no doubt that the Communist Party and the Soviet Union enjoyed a wide or broad consensus in a country such as Czechoslovakia, more problematic was the situation in Poland.

5) I have no particular information about the case. But you can make a general consideration: The ruthlessness and the excessive power of the West media turn even a single case of "dissent" in a relentless campaign and political agitation, which go far beyond of the 'review' . This also made it difficult in "real socialism" the transition from a state of emergency to normal, except that you should not lose sight of the errors and limits of ideological and political elites of each country and the communist movement as a whole.

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fiction story

Dear fellow and professor Losurdo,

I have read with care and passion many of your writing and I thank you for your important historical contribution. I am writing because reading the encyclopedia historical output a few years ago I was impressed with the Republic of El Salvador by some statements with respect to Stalin:

- it is said that after the Molotov - Ribentropp has delivered a thousand anti-fascists in Hitler's Germany who Refugees were in the USSR

- it is stated that the Soviet Union sold oil to Italy under embargo for the war in Ethiopia

- mentions the attempt by Stalin to ally with Germany, Italy and Japan to carve up the empire English.

Let me know if these facts are true and your opinion about it, Sincerely and with respect

Andrea Gnemmi

DL It 's the easiest thing to do on this world Stalin more outlandish claims, then it is to see what documentation is made, without in any way satisfied with the "they say" We come to the issues raised:

1) On the German Communists had already responded in a documented and effective reader of the blog, which referred to studies of an eminent French scholar, Annie Lacroix-Riz (http://www .dailymotion.com / video / xztbh_le-choix-de-la-defaite_newsundefined and

http://www.historiographie.info/multimedia.html ).

2) On this point, two are not particularly well informed, but please note that alongside the Ethiopian resistance against fascist aggression militants have fought the Italian Communists, who as a reference point the Soviet Union under Stalin.

3) Things are exactly on the contrary. Hitler finally decide for aggression against the USSR in part because of Stalin's refusal to participate in the amazing Nazi plans for partition of the English.

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Reagan and the international class struggle against Berluconi

Dear Professor Losurdo,

if she can spend time for what is undoubtedly the size of a trifle, may I ask an opinion on the initiative taken by the magazine Libertia , the aggregator and Tocqueville, among others, parliamentarians as Benedetto Della Vedova and Antonio Martino, initiative to ask in Italian cities are streets named after Ronald Reagan, late President of the USA.

More than a comment on the initiative itself, would you please make a historical reconstruction is that the promoters make the life of Reagan and the historical context in which he acted.

In this regard I would like to reproduce below a statement from the Site The Right Nation, which exemplifies this reconstruction.

Thank you very much for any time he wants to devote.

Sincerely.

Domenico D'Amico

The end of an era

Stefano Magni, from therightnation.it

DL On p. 239 of my book on Stalin, referring to an article published by the 'International Herald Tribune:

"The author [Safire] refers pleased" at how a CIA campaign of sabotage of the computer, which resulted in [the 1974] in a huge explosion in Siberia - all organized by a mild-mannered economist named Gus Weiss - helped the U.S. win the Cold War. "

In 1974 he was President Nixon or Ford. The campaign intensifies sabataggio Reagan.

It 's a point on which we should reflect. Not a few left hanno una visione assai primitiva del conflitto politico-socale. Non riescono a scorgerlo quando esso assume una forma essenzialmente economica e vede come protagonista un paese in lotta per lo sviluppo e l’indipendenza (anche tecnologica), ed ecco allora che spiegano il crollo dell’Urss semplicemente con l’«implosione». Oppure non riescono a comprendere il profondo significato antimperialista della lotta condotta dal Partito Comunsta Cinese per spezzare il monopolio tecnologico dell’Occidente.

Eppure si tratta della lotta di classe forse più importante di questo inizio del XXI secolo…

Can I Use A Prism On Reflector Telescope

A CNL? The referendum

Giorgio Lindi presidente Anpi Carrara, February 1, 2011

Dear Professor, and thank you for your comments, I ask you again to light, this time about the proposal made in recent days by Massimo D'Alema. The problem of authoritarianism media or, more simply, while that of Berlusconi difficult times for the well-known personal problems and policies inconclusive, at least not today yet been beaten. To beat the Berlusconi I wonder if the proposal is that D'Alema, also paid to parties "strange" (Casini, Fini and others), may be feasible to create the so-called democratic united front that would allow a return to a normal logic of the battle policy. Per essere semplici, mi sembra che si ripetano, mutatis mutandis, le condizioni per la quali un tempo venne proclamato capo del CLN alta Italia, il generale Cadorna, espressione dei ceti moderati se non reazionari, ma attraverso il quale l'unità antifascista riuscì a togliere di mezzo il primo ostacolo cioè il nazifascimo e a far crescere una coscienza politica, dopo venti anni di dittatura. E' riproponibile una nuova forma unitaria di questo tipo, come sembra dire D'Alema, aprendosi ai ceti moderati e conservatori, ma rimettendo in gioco anche le esigue, purtroppo, forze della sinistra classista? Sarebbe molto importante e illuminante il suo pensiero in merito. In particolare per noi che pensiamo che soggetto autentico di questa ipotesi potrebbe be the ANPI.

cordially greet

DL As a philosopher and historian I spent warned that the game against the seduction of analogies. There is no analogy between today's Italy and Italy of 1921-22. The "March on Rome, the Fascist coup, was hailed at the time the liberal Italian and international public opinion, shocked and distressed by the October Revolution and the" communist threat. " Even in 1933, Churchill declared: "The Roman genius played by Mussolini, the greatest living legislator, showed many countries as may be resisting the socialist road and pointed out that a nation can follow when it is valiantly conducted.

the international context today is radically different. At least in the West has faded the "communist threat." Not that they are dispelled anxieties: the United States and the European Union to their trailer, watching with growing concern the rise of China and against it, if necessary by military can serve the formidable arsenal of war available imperialism, the ideological field is already very useful the incessant media bombardment against the "violation of human rights' and in the name of 'democracy' and the superior civilization of the West. Under these conditions, the advent of a fascist dictatorship in Italy or another European Union country to imperialism would be a disastrous own goal.

This does not mean that the situation in our country is not serious. The immediate political influence of wealth and the trend toward soft Bonapartism that characterize today's capitalism as a whole, takes on a particularly obnoxious and more repellent than ever : there is nothing that money can not afford! Against this may be appropriate and necessary policy of alliances, but the problem principale è quello di ricostituire la soggettività ideologica e politica dei comunisti e di un’autentica sinistra.

Un front uni anti-fasciste contre Berlusconi?
su mondialisation.ca
Traduit de l’italien par Marie-Ange Patrizio

I Have Veins On My Nipples

to Fiat and the global geo-economic transformations

Giorgio Lindi presidente Anpi, Carrara

Caro Losurdo,

Il risultato del referendum dei lavoratori della Fiat ha suscitato un > grande interesse e richiede un’analisi approfondita.

How are you assessed the defeat of the "no" appears more numerical> politics? It can not be considered an unexpected discovery of the> working class, an invitation to take clear positions, including> contrast, both union and a reminder of the forces> policies to have more courage and confidence in the workers and struggles?

54% of "yes" was promoted to master's level, in the name of> "modernity and modernization and has been obtained thanks> to the support of the national media have obscured and mystified> and the way anti-worker and those of trade unions, CISL and UIL as,> which once defended the interests and rights of lavoratori.Da> more conservative forces using the idea of "modernity" and> "modernization" to discredit the workers' struggles to defend> their rights and find that this idea is already present in fascism and> in the culture right in the future in a union as> D'Aragon, etc..

We consider an initial positive reaction to the results of> Fiom, the appeal of the intellectuals, because they are redesigned, so > Taking into account the rights of workers, new forms of> "industrial relations"?

What is happening today in China, which has become the second most powerful> global economic influence on the radical 'economy-wide> world and poses development problems for our countries that never had> placed before . Even India and Brazil are proposed as a major power> industrial and economic. There are common elements between the three countries or> is different developments, which require different purposes> in the design of the respective companies and relationships with the> Western, industrialized world?

DL The referendum in the Fiat is a shining example of "democracy." And 'as if the workers were told: Feel free to vote, but if you vote in a "wrong", you're doomed to unemployment and hunger! At the national level Marchionne expresses the same attitude from Bush (and Obama) on the international stage. At the time the inhabitants of Gaza have been called to speak freely: I voted in a "wrong", are now forced to suffer hunger and even blacker than death by starvation, while Israeli pilots are allowed to practice at the shooting against target Palestinians demonstrate that they do not understand the rules of democracy and modernity.

against the behavior of Marchionne and Fiat finally beginning to manifest a burst of indignation, and I think that in this context to develop a united front as large as possible, it is the Communists Marchionne explained that democracy is no different from democracy Bush (and Obama).

China, Brazil and India have a common element: they are three countries that have a colonial or semi-colonial and now seek independence and redemption, including economic, after having achieved politically.

But now we see the differences. China she starred in one of the greatest revolutions in world history. Brazil is engaged in one way or another in the revolutionary process by which Latin America is shaking off the weight of the Monroe Doctrine. India has been the recipient instead of a sort of independence octroyée: the movement for the emancipation of colonial peoples, which started with the October Revolution and then experienced a rapid development thanks to the victory of the Great Patriotic War in the USSR and the anti-Japanese War of Independence in China, has imposed is the capitulation to Germany, Japan and Italy, but has also forced the retreat of Britain. Just because India has achieved octroyée independence, there are forces in this country who would take the legacy of the British Empire waned.

It 'clear that in countries which have behind them a past colonial or semi-colonial China occupies a place of absolute importance. And not only because it is led by a Communist Party.

the eve of the conquest of power Mao declared, Washington wants China 'reduced to living the American meal', ending with "becoming an American colony." And that Mao was aware that the anti-colonial struggle was passing from stage to stage political-military-economic policy. This awareness did not fail to most lucid representatives of U.S. imperialism. In the early 60's an employee of the Kennedy administration, that is, Walt W. Rostow, triumphantly expressed his conviction that, thanks to the embargo decreed by Washington, China's economic development had been delayed for at least "tens of years." This struggle has not ceased. The left does not understand the most primitive, but future historians consideraranno the action taken by China to break the Western monopoly on high technology as the most imporatante class struggle developed between the twentieth and twenty-first century, as the most serious blow dealt to a ' unfortunate history of colonialism and neocolonialism.

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Answer to a student

Annna said ... January 27, 2011 6:21

Hello teacher, I am a student of 20 years with strong Communist sympathies. In a discussion, my friend Hammer Sickle, ie trozkijsta, has made several accusations against Stalin.

"Stalin did not want the socialist revolution in Spain. Pierre Brou wrote about a book that shows that Stalin betrayed the revolution in Spain. The slogan of the Communists was a great WAR not make the revolution. " "Togliatti said the turning point because of Salerno decided in Moscow under the supervision of Stalin." "Tito broke with Stalin perché Tito voleva aiutare i partigiani greci dell’EAM e Stalin allora ruppe con la Yugoslavia”. “Stalin ha frenato fino all’ultimo la vittoria della rivoluzione cinese facendo le trattative col Kuomintang”. “Stalin a Yalta voleva spartirsti il mondo in modo che Mosca tenne sotto controllo tutto l’EST europeo”. “L’URSS non sostenne la rivoluzione cubana perché Stalin a Yalta decise che Cuba doveva restata sotto il protettorato USA”...

Mentre attendo le tue risposte ti mando un grande saluto comunista.

DL Per rispondere puntualmente ad ogni questione che sollevi ci would like a treaty! I can say here that at the time Friedrich Engels ridiculed the "superstition" that "brings the revolution" activity and will of a "handful of agitators." That 'superstition' in the shape even more pronounced in those who depend on the success or defeat of the revolution in Spain, Italy, Greece, China, Cuba, then around the world, from the will of one " agitator "who would be Stalin! Albeit in a negative way, the cult of personality here becomes simply grotesque. Confirming the character of this very primitive way of arguing, just reflect on some elements:

1) In Cuba, the revolution broke out in 1959 when Stalin had been dead for six years.

2) In Spain the 1936-1939 fight for victory in the war against the armies of the coup of Franco and Mussolini and Hitler meaning to our fight for the victory of the revolution precisely.

3) China's revolution against the Kuomindang has led Mao Zedong, who was the first to criticize Khrushchev, when he claimed to besmirch Stalin.

Feng Shui For Mirrors At The West

The "Day of Remembrance" and the Palestinian question The question

Mirko Goddi January 27, 2011 17:39

Dear prof. Losurdo, on the memorial it is with great sadness that left multiply those who equate Nazism and communism.

I read many comments in the network always reproduce the narrative of the Cold War Soviet policy despite this has been over for years now. The Stalin has become a classic anti-Semitic, so as to equate the deaths from famine in Ukraine and the planned extermination of the Holocaust. I even read people showing the U.S. as supporters of China in the "extermination" of the Tibetan people. We now ridicule. I do not think it's all the fault of the people who write these things because too 'I have often been the victim of false information, I still think that it is crucial the role of many intellectuals who might assert them as free in front of whatever party or idea movement and are in fact hired thugs of the system.

The greeting

DL of the laws relating to the 'anti-Semitism "of Stalin and the Ukraine are widely employed in my book about Stalin, and the Act of Tibet are largely employed in my book on" Non-violence '. Give to think about the fact that nobody has tried to deny ... For Memorial Day, it is right and proper to honor the victims of the "final solution", but it should be noted that there are eternal victims and victimizers eternal. E ' what in particular I stressed in my book "The Language of the Empire" (Yale University Press). In this book, I pointed out that today the people martyr par excellence is the Palestinian people. Of course, we are not in the presence of a new "final solution". Fortunately, history is not the eternal return of! But this is not lawful bagattellizzare what a great Palestinian intellectual (Said) has defined the tragedy for the victims of the victims. Carry a paragraph from "The language of the empire '...
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